2023 Feb 15;23(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09107-1. Minorities often do not have access to health care services in a timely manner. Our review found that telehealth programs tailored to the needs of specific communities have been successful at making telehealth accessible to populations with lower levels of comfort with and access to technology. access to health care questionnaire Sara-Sadat Hoseini-Esfidarjani1, Reza Negarandeh1,2*, Farzaneh Delavar1 and Leila Janani3 Abstract Background and objective: Access to health care is a universal concern. The first two dimensions are spatial in nature. Some Europeans still feel they are unable to access healthcare; in some European countries such as Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden, reports suggest that more than 10% of the population do not access health care services [7]. YSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages. Random intercept multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the association between individual- and village-level factors and likelihood of facility delivery. For this reason, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been used in the present study. Free Access. Before Shi G, Jun W, Xu X, et al. Cronbachs alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was calculated 0.86. Table1 shows the distribution of the participants demographic characteristics (sex, level of education, place of employment, insurance status, and supplementary insurance). Penchansky & Thomas [ 30 ], in describing access as the degree of "fit" between clients and the system, identify five key dimensions of access: availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability. Results Nine papers were included in the review. retrieved from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%22A+simplified+guide+to+determination+of+sample+size+requirements+for+estimating+the+value+of+intraclass+correlation+coefficient%3A+a+review%22&btnG=. 2017;20(2):32134. Int J Med Educ. FOIA In 1981, Penchansky and Thomas 6 identified the importance of access as a key concept in health policy and health policy research, proposing a model with five key dimensions of access ().More recently, Fortney and colleagues 13 have identified the need to recognise a 'digital dimension' to access, incorporating the potential for synchronous and asynchronous virtual . According to the Penchansky and Thomas framework (1981,1984), health care access is a latent construct with 5 key dimensions: affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation and acceptability [ 19, 20 ]. BMC Health Serv Res. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Parenting and parenting resources among Chinese parents with children under three years of age: rural and urban differences. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Survey instruments to assess patient experiences with access and coordination across healthcare settings: available and needed measures. Results. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Ab Hamid J, Juni MH, Abdul Manaf R, Syed Ismail SN, Lim PY. 2017;4(5):15871. Jih-Yuan Chen. Geographic accessibility to cancer treatment in Brazil: A network analysis. An integrated approach to multi-criteria-based health care facility location planning. L.J. This is set by Hotjar to identify a new users first session. volume21, Articlenumber:638 (2021) World Health Organization. Public Health Rep. 1986 May-Jun;101(3):238-52. Through analyzing this concept, Penchansky and Thomas (1981) have defined five dimensions for access, including 1) availability, 2) accessibility, 3) affordability, 4) accommodation, and 5) acceptability [13]. Acceptability. 2023 Feb 10;20(4):3147. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043147. 2012;102(5):110412. Cities Health. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2013.05.001. The initial questionnaire contains 31 items developed based on a deductive approach with an extensive review of the related literature. 2016;68(3):2606. LinkedIn sets the lidc cookie to facilitate data center selection. Google Scholar. An endowed operating foundation that engages in nonpartisan analysis, collaboration, and communication, with an emphasis on state health policy. Learn more in our. Consumers perception of access to health care services is crucial [10] because the decision to use available health care services depends on individuals perception of the service and its reasonable costs [17]. Peterson-Milbank Program for Sustainable Health Care Costs, The Health of US Primary Care: A Baseline Scorecard Tracking Support for High-Quality Primary Care, Assessing the Effectiveness of Policies to Improve Access to Primary Care for Underserved Populations: A Case Study Analysis of Columbia County, Arkansas, The Path to Coordinated Federal Leadership to Strengthen Primary Health Care. Manuscript did not include details, images, or videos relating to an individual person. The first two dimensions are spatial in nature. All review stages were conducted by two independent reviewers. Differences in access to health insurance between different races and individuals cause the death of more than 100,000 people each year [8]. 2013;12(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-12-18. Arch Orofac Sci. In 2015, Saurman added another dimension, which was called awareness, to the model proposed by Penchansky and Thomas. 2, 1981, pp. and transmitted securely. 2011;2:535. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. An integrated approach to multi-criteria-based health care facility location planning; Article . . This questionnaire is designed based on the modified Penchasky & Thomas model. The specific dimensions are availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability and acceptability. Validity and reliability of instrument to measure social media skills among small and medium entrepreneurs at Pengkalan Datu River. PMC Access is an important concept in health policy and health services research, yet it is one which has not been defined or employed precisely. eCollection 2022 Mar. Promoting access: the use of maternity waiting homes to achieve safe motherhood. Penchansky and Thomas ( 1981) conceptualized access as focused on barriers to health care utilization. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Generalized ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with access to primary care. (2008), Obrist et al. Its depositary receipts of shares are quoted on the Euronext Amsterdam (WKL) and are included in the AEX and Euronext 100 indices. The Professional Geographer, 60(1), 54-69. doi: 10. eCollection 2018. The economics of health equity. 2015;10(5):e0125915. Using the theory developed by Penchansky and Thomas, access is optimized by accounting for the different dimensions of access: accessibility; availability; acceptability; affordability; and adequacy in service design, implementation and evaluation. The decision to use available health care services depends on individuals perception of the services [17]. These perceptions derived from their knowledge, values, and attitudes affect the place, time, and even whether patients should seek health care services or not [10]. Privacy PubMed Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care in the Dual Public-Private Health System in Rural Areas, Malaysia. The first two dimensions (i.e., availability and accessibility) represent the geographic dimension of access. LinkedIn - Used to store information about the time a sync with the lms_analytics cookie took place for users in the Designated Countries, AddThis - Used by social sharing platform AddThis. Using the theory developed by Penchansky and Thomas, access is optimized by accounting for the different dimensions of access: accessibility; availability; acceptability; affordability; and adequacy in service design, implementation and evaluation. Besides, the internal correlation of the final questionnaire was examined, with 300 patients referred to the selected health centers. Access is presented here as a general concept that summarizes a set of more specific dimensions describing the fit between the patient and the health care system. Int J Equity Health. The first set of policy initiatives we reviewed is designed to increase and redistribute the supply of primary care physicians and nonphysician clinicians to address this problem. Epub 2013 Aug 14. Myers ND, Soyeon A, Ying J. The Aday and Andersen definition has been further delineated into six dimensions according to the framework of access created by Penchansky and Thomas and augmented by Saurman (Penchansky and Thomas, 1981; Saurman, 2016). 2019. and transmitted securely. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Working Paper; 2009. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/51524. (2020) developed an instrument to measure the perception of access to mental health care services; nonetheless, this study did not aim to validate the instrument [33]. To some An official website of the United States government. The literature review showed that many studies did not have appropriate and standard instruments to measure individuals perception of healthcare services access [7, 17, 20]. The first two dimensions are spatial in nature. While many provider groups and researchers have argued that increasing payment for primary care services could incentivize more physicians to choose primary care professions, this review found that there is a dearth of evidence to support that claim. It is essential to know who the target of the services is, what they do if they are available, where and how they are used, and why they are used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 24, R software version 4, and lavaan package. Access to Child Health Care, Medical Treatment of Sick Children and Childhood Mortality Relationships in Kenya. The initial questionnaire was examined using qualitative content validity, and the necessary modifications were applied to each item. penchansky and thomas model of access to care. Public Health Rev. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2016;3(3):99106. However, one item with a CVR value of lower than 0.78 was removed. 2016;15(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0294-z. Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was less than 0.05. In qualitative face validity, all items were approved by a panel of experts and the participants. 2023 Jan 19;20(3):1817. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031817. Disclaimer. Int J Environ Res Public Health. In recent studies, this concept was introduced by describing broad dimensions. Given the importance of individuals perception of their access to health care services and the need to develop standard instruments to measure it, this study was conducted to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of the questionnaire to assess perceived access to health care services among the adults. Therefore, facilitating and maintaining individuals access to essential health care services is one of the most important strategies to pursue to achieve social justice in each countrys healthcare system [4]. Moreover, the questionnaire was sent to 15 experts for the quantitative analysis of the content validity, and the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were determined. Wolters Kluwer Health is a division of Wolters Kluwer, a leading multi-national publisher and information services company with annual revenues (2005) of 3.4 billion and approximately 18,400 employees worldwide. Res Q Exerc Sport. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbachs alpha. William D Savedoff. After that, the required samples were selected consecutively from those referred to these two health care centers. Grounded theory attempts to move beyond description and generate a general explanation, or theory, of a process or action that is shaped by the views of participants who have experienced the. Thiede M, Patricia A, Di MI, et al. Improving access to school health services as perceived by school professionals. It seems that the development of the model in the future can provide more clarity in the definition of its dimensions and help revise the questionnaire items accordingly. ICC is a reliable indicator that reflects both the degree of correlation and the compatibility between the measurements; the obtained ICC value in the present study was equal to 0.94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915620903299. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. They register anonymous statistical data on for example how many times the video is displayed and what settings are used for playback.No sensitive data is collected unless you log in to your google account, in that case your choices are linked with your account, for example if you click like on a video. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Some researchers have used this term to denote the use of health care services. 2022 Sep 1;19(17):10942. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710942. Robards S, Brown A, Pain T, Patel D, Tan A, Carter H. Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol. Some definitions address whether people actually use such services or not and define their use of services as access. Most of the access models and definitions are based on market logic and meeting the needs; however, only very few models and definitions consider health as a basic human right [11]. Development and validation of perceived access to health care measurement instrument. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These characteristics of health care access are defined to reflect provider and client's expectations and characteristics; and the fact that these need to fit. Tanner EC, Vann Richard J, Elvira K. Consumer-level perceived access to health services and its effects on vulnerability and health outcomes. When the Hotjar script executes we try to determine the most generic cookie path we should use, instead of the page hostname. To achieve public health, individuals perception of health care services is essential for all the stakeholders in order to be able to provide successful interventions [17]. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Research shows that leveraging the skills of nonphysician clinicians by expanding their scope of practice could improve access, and more research is needed to evaluate the effects of transitioning to team-based care. W.H.E.E.L (invites you for a Ladies Level Up Party. 2017;55(Suppl 7 1):S84. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. National Library of Medicine They must be responsive to their communitys needs. A good questionnaire is generally supported by a reasonable theoretical basis so that the items can operationally define the targeted questionnaire [35, 36]. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, state and federal governments as well as physician practices have made significant investments in telehealth that are likely to change the landscape of access. Interventions like practicing patient-centered communication and deploying community health workers show some promise in improving community trust and comfort, but this is an area where significantly more research is needed to develop the most effective programmatic and policy interventions. Importantly, unlike other models of access, the Penchansky and Thomas classification permits the assignment of any access barrier to a specific category with clear and actionable . Penchansky and Thomas described access to care as consisting of five . Results provide strong support for the view that differentiation does exist among the five areas and that the measures do relate to the phenomena with which they are identified. Awareness also includes health literacy as another component of this dimension [1]. Iran J Public Health. The authors received no specific funding for this work. Access inuences consumers and systems in three ways: use of the service, consumer satisfaction and system practice.6 Penchansky and Thomas's theory Share on. 2023 Feb 13;15:235-253. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S388153. All dimensions of access have equal values in this theory, just like chain knots [34].